How Strategic Planning Helps in Ensuring the Survival and...

HOW STRATEGIC PLANNING HELPS IN ENSURING THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF AN ORGANISATION. Undergoing the process of strategic planning can go a long way in helping to ensure the survival and growth of an organization it seeks to eliminate the weaknesses of an organization and to confirm its strengths. It also analyses the environment and other factors that might affect the smooth running of an org and tries to rectify them accordingly and also to give the organization competitive advantage. Kevin Scholes and Gerry Johnson define strategic planning as A sequence of analytical and evaluative procedures to formulate an intended strategy and the means of implementing it In undergoing the process of strategic planning two sub-processes†¦show more content†¦Organizations analyze and make sure that their terms and conditions of service and trade are in line with the laws stated by the state. They also make sure that when certain laws that influence their operations are amended they also adjust accordingly so that they do not get caught at the wrong side of the law. It also analyzes which side of the political coin you are and if your products or services are safe and this helps in ensuring the survival and growth of your organization because it forewarns you if your current position is not safe, for example the Daily Newspaper and the Herald Newspaper. The Herald made sure it had registered with MISA as the new law stated but the Daily Newspaper did not and also the Daily Newspaper was on the other side of the political coin and thus led to its closure. The second sub-process in strategic planning is the SWOT (Strengths: Weaknesses: Opportunities: Threats) analysis. This process combines both external and internal analysis of the organization. This process is also of paramount importance in ensuring the survival and growth of an organization because it also looks at the internal running of the organization as well as its environment and tries to place the organization at a position of advantage over other players in the same field. SWOT analysis focuses on four things. Firstly it analyses theShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Planning Assignment1359 Words   |  6 Pages Module: Human Resources Assignment: Discuss how Human Resource Planning contributes to effective Human Resource Management Date: 21st December 2011 Student: Laura Doyle Lecturer: Michelle Flannery Introduction In the following text, the process of Human Resource Planning will be defined and described in detail. We will see the importance of Human Resource Planning and the essential role it plays in ensuring successful Human Resource Management. Human ResourceRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Business Environment1713 Words   |  7 PagesDiscontinuities and megatrends are an inherent part of today’s business environment and it is important the businesses assess the impact of both these concepts on their strategic objectives and daily operations of the business in order to stay ahead in today’s competitive environments. Most importantly CEO’s need to be at the head of the business’s strategic objectives to ensure that the business remain on track and able to quickly adapt to these changes in the environment. Changes that are described as rapidRead MoreManaging Strategic Change Aegon3858 Words   |  16 PagesQuestion 1 : Strategic Drift 3 Question 2: Discuss the external factors that influenced change within AEGON 7 Question 3: Critically Discuss the 8 behaviours 11 Question 4: Evaluate the role of the Auditing ProcessÂ…business strategy 14 Appendix 1 15 2006 financial highlights Ââ€" AEGON in the UK 15 References 16 Question 1 : Strategic Drift Thompson, Stickland and Gamble (2005) suggest that an organisational strategy should not be perceived as a fixed plan that the organisation utilisesRead MoreNokia4767 Words   |  20 Pagesintroduction of new Android based mobile phones. The company fell short in the smartphone era and its position as the number-one phone seller in the global market is under threat. The case study provides a brief analysis of what transpired at Nokia and how the strategy implemented by the management team from the period of the 1990s up to the 2010 led to the company losing its market shares at both ends of the mobile phone industry. During the period of 1991 and 1992 the company lost FM482million ($120Read MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 Pagesconsideration, different authors have developed different concepts and hence promulgated all of them in order to indicate all the major aspects that can define what the operation management is and how it helps an organization in achieving high level of success. This paper is basically about how proper operation management helps an organization in performing different tasks strategically. For this purpose, the analysis is done from different perspectives. The first part of the paper gives an overview of what isRead MoreLearning and Talent Development Strategy2461 Words   |  10 Pagesemphasised the importance of strategic human resource management strategy being closely aligned to the overall business strategy. See our factsheet on strategic HRM for more information on that topic. * Go to our strategic human resource management factsheet Within the HRM strategy, that for learning and talent development (LTD) needs to articulate the capabilities required by the organisation to sustain competitive advantage and ensure organisational survival. The LTD strategy also coversRead MoreVoltas Limited-Organisational Strategy, Hr Plan, Hr Strategy, Vision, Mission and Values1836 Words   |  8 Pagesinternal transformation and business growth. Thirteen years ago, Voltas was on the verge of shutting down that is when voltas fornulated a brand new vision plan named MEGAVOL. Megavol — a business plan that aimed to achieve Rs100,000 million turnover with 10 per cent profitability by 2010-11. â€Å"Ourplan involved pursuing both organic and inorganic growth,† says managing director Ashok Soni, the man who took over the wheel in 2001 and has steered the organisation to its present course.The Megavol planRead More2014 15 Assignment4484 Words   |  18 Pagespurpose of 2 contrasting organisations A1 / T2 p.10 – p.12 P3 Describe how two businesses are organised A2 p.13 – p.16 P4 Explain how their style of organisation helps them fulfil their purpose A2 p.17 – p.24 P5 Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation A3 p.25 – p.36 P6 Describe how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of the selected organisation and their stakeholders A4Read MoreInnocent Drinks Business Analysis3531 Words   |  15 PagesProcurement 13 Maintaining Growth 14 Conclusion 17 Glossary of Terms 18 References 19 Bibliography 20 Appendix A – Innocent Annual Report 2007 22 Appendix B – Innocent Facts and Figures 23 Appendix C – Dec 2008 Financial Report 24 Introduction The purpose of this report is to assess Innocent Drinks, a UK based company who operate within the soft drink FMCG industry. This case study was derived from seeking the answer to how the organisation has achieved the growth, and how this can be sustained Read MoreThe Influence of Organisational Structure on Organisational Culture2080 Words   |  9 PagesThe success or failure of an organisation can often be attributed to the sum of their parts such as staff, profit, products, strategy, technology, environment, structure and culture. These parts or factors can directly contribute to the strengths or weaknesses of an organisation and they are all interrelated. This essay will examine organisational structure and organisational culture and the influence mechanistic and organic structures have on organisational culture. Organisational structure,

Your Number Example

Essays on Your Number Essay Your Number Client’s School Affiliation What is your "number"? This is actually the estimate amount of money that you need to save when you reach your retirement. According to Lee Eisenberg, former Esquire editor-in-chief, â€Å"The Number† is important for most people, it represents great life without financial stress (Mark Ford, 2012). By doing this, it would be easier to make a savings. At first, we need to have as what we called â€Å"Your Number† for us to get started. Just provide all the details needed to have our number. And the number we got base on the information gathered is $1,888.416.00. The reason why this might cause to be higher it is because at the span of the current age and the retirement year is not that long. According to Peggy Lebenson, Senior Vice President for Financial Services at Harris Interactive, â€Å"On average, those who are planning for retirement began to do so at the age of 32†. (Cited in OfficePro, 2008, p12-12, 2/3p). Base on the review, if you plan to retire at an early age, you should start planning what you need to save or invest so that your number could’ve been lowered down and will have much time and money to save. Since planning to retire at the age of 65 and currently the age is at 52, the average annual return that we need to invest is approximately $5,040.00 annually and could cost $420.00 monthly for 15 years. In order to achieve this rate in return, you need to achieve 11.78% to reach this objective, which are base on the 3.00% inflation rate. Assuming an inflation rate of 3.00%, the assumption rate of 3.00% is not realistic however, because central banks are expanding the money supply at double rates (Ttrimm, 2012). All of these calculations are mainly based on The Number that reference to the current age and the desired age of retirement; this information does not serve, as the accurate calculation when retiring in the future; this is only hypothetical analysis based on the information provided. References Mark Ford (2012, March 22). Whats Your Magic Number? Message posted to http://www.earlytorise.com/retirement-planning Lebenson, Peggy. (Aug/Sep2008). Retirement---Planning. OfficePro, Vol.68 Issue 6, p12-12, 2/3p. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com Trimm, Meg, Spyagent. (19, April2012). How to calculate How Much Money You Need to Retire WIKIHOW. Retrieved from http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-How-Much-Money-You-Need-to-Retire

Iron Maiden †Seventh Son of a Seventh Son free essay sample

Attention fans of good ol’ heavy metal. For those who were not lucky enough to be born around 1970, don’t feel bad. Iron Maiden is still going strong, which brings hope to all who have lost faith in the heroes of metal. Founded in 1975, with 14 studio albums, nine live CDs, and four EPs, Iron Maiden shows no signs of slowing down. Currently, the band is doing the Somewhere Back in Time Tour, which relives their rise to fame in the 1980s. A main contribution to their success was the â€Å"Seventh Son of a Seventh Son† album, arguably one of their most creative and acclaimed. Released in 1988, it demonstrates Iron Maiden’s versatility and shows a different side to their personality. It has many of the components that make their sound famous: harmonizing guitars, aggressive â€Å"air raid siren† vocals (courtesy of Bruce Dickinson), and clever writing and instrumental composition, mostly from bass player and founder Steve Harris. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Maiden – Seventh Son of a Seventh Son or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One striking difference between this album and others from Iron Maiden is the synthesizers, which can be startling at first to old-school fans. But never fear, for they are used for dramatic effect throughout the album. First and foremost, this is a concept album – a story revolving around a child born with supernatural powers – with lyrical themes about morality, mysticism, and the occult. The opening track, â€Å"Moonchild,† is the perfect tone-setter, with epic tension building and releasing during the song. The tracks that follow are able to duplicate this feat. â€Å"Can I Play with Madness?† and â€Å"The Evil that Men Do† are fan favorites and have become mainstays in the band’s live sets. The title track, â€Å"Seventh Son of a Seventh Son,† is a 10-minute epic that expands upon the story of the mystic child, and pleases all fans of metal with amazing guitar solos guaranteed to melt a face or two, and amazing vocals that will have you on your hands and knees screaming, â€Å"I am not worthy!† For a fan and musician like me, this album is a thrill to experience and has inspired me to be a better musician. Iron Maiden proves that it is among the greatest metal bands of all time, and can transcend age barriers, gaining fans among teenagers and adults alike. Iron Maiden’s â€Å"Seventh Son of a Seventh Son† is a must-have for those who like their rock ’n’ roll nice and heavy, yet with a touch of sophistication.

Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes Essay Example

Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes Paper This makes sense because he definition of isotonic is: same concentration. The second out of three words is hypotonic. Cells in a hypotonic solution make the water moue into the cell to spread out the cells solutes to eventually reach an equilibrium. Hypotonic comes from the root word hypo, Which means low/below. The actual definition for hypotonic is: less concentrated. Hypersonic is the last out of the three words. A cell in a hypersonic solution makes the water leave the cell to try to spread out the solutes outside to eventually reach an equilibrium. Hypersonic comes from the root word hyper, which means more/high. The definition of hypersonic is: ore concentrated. A plant cell in two out of three of these conditions can be crucial to a plants health. In an isotonic solution, a plant cell has no net movement of water. A word for what occurs is flaccid, When solution is isotonic the vacuole is not full and that is really bad because a plant needs its nutrients and a dull vacuole makes it stand tall (tartar pressure). In a hypersonic solution, the vacuoles lose water; the cytoplasm shrinks and chloroplast are seen in the center of the cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A word that describes this is polynomials, This is bad for a plant cell because the retraction of the cell membrane causes it to rupture,tear. In this experiment eve tested potatoes and put them through some solutions that have different concentrations to see what would happen. Would it shrink or would it swell? Those were the two main questions that were asked in this lab. Hypothesis: Based on prior knowledge I made an educated guess on the outcome of the results. For my hypothesis said that for the malarial level Of O and . 2 the potato core was going to swell, making the condition the cores were in hypotonic. When the malarial turned into . 41 said that the core would stay the same and therefore be isotonic When the core was placed in the _6, _8, and I malarial solutions I Hough that the cores were going to shrivel making the conditions hypersonic. The reasoning behind these assumptions is based on the definition of malarial. Malarial is the measure how concentrated something is. The reasoning why think its Starts to swell at first but then shrink is because the less concentrated a solution is causes it to have more water to be available in its surroundings. So the more concentrated the solution is Will cause there to be less water in their surrounding so there wont be as much to take in so it will shrink. At . 4 malarial thought the surroundings would be isotonic just because it was just about in the diddle and there wasnt too much or too little concentration. Methods: Once the right materials were gathered for the experiment process the set-up process was initiated. First the 5 test tubes were labeled with their corresponding concentrations of solution. The concentrations consisted of mm, . Mm, Am, -mm, mm, and mm. The 6 cut up pieces tot potato were weighed separately on a scale to collect their mass, The potato pieces were all placed into the test tube they were assigned after collecting the data so there would be no mix-ups. A pipette pump is used to carefully squirt the concentrated solutions into their designated test bubs. The solution was squirted until it covered the potato completely. This was repeated with every solution into their own-labeled flasks. After that process was finished a piece of paraffin was placed on each of the test tubes and securely fasteners The dependent variable in the experiment was the percent change in mass and the independent variable was the solution. This is a quantitative experiment because it was measuring the percent change in the mass Of the potatoes. Results: Data: The chart below shows the % change in mass after being in their concentrated solutions: Next Page (didnt fit) Concentration Initial leg. Ago. Go Final Mass (g)4. leg. Egg. Egg. Egg. Ago. G % Change in Analysis: The Graphs below show the percent changes in mass for both the class averages and our groups averages: Conclusion: In conclusion when the malarial level was at O and at . 2 the potatoes had gained mass so therefore they were placed in a hypotonic environments. When the malarial level was . 4 and above the potatoes loss mass so therefore they were placed in hypersonic environments. So the different in concentrations does change the mass of the potatoes because they determine the osmosis environments. Discussion: The hypothesis for this experiment was that at mm and at . The potato core was going to swell making the surroundings it was in hypotonic. For Am was stated that the potato core would stay the same, making the surroundings it was in isotonic. For that last three solutions, . mm, mm, and mm, it was thought that they would shrink, so that would mean that that the environment that they were placed in was hypersonic. Although these results made sense only the real results can give the right answer. After collecting the data it was revealed that the assumptions made for the mm and Mm solutions were correct. The data had showed that to mm solution had a 14. Change in mass and the mm solution had a I change in mass These percentages showed that the potatoes had gained mass. For the . Mm solution, the hypothesis made was incorrect. The data showed that there was a -12. 1% change in mass. This proved that in t his solution the potato core had lost mass and avgas assumed that the mass would stay the same. Gore the -mm, mm, and Im solutions the hypothesis was proven correct. The results showed that for the . mm solution there was a -28. 6% change in mass, for the -mm solution there was a -33. 3% change in mass, and for the Im solution there was a -36. 9% change in mass. This all proved that the potatoes had lost mass in these solutions. Some areas of error were mostly during the process of weighing the potatoes and putting the right solution into their designated test tubes, For example there was some point in which it was uncertain if one of the solutions was already put into a test tube or not, If the solution was put into two different test tubes that could have lead to a false positive or false negative result depending on what the malarial level of the solution was, Also in the weighing process of the final mass the potatoes were taken out tot the test tubes were they were soaked in the elution. The access solution left on the potato can be transferred to the scale and give the mass a more positive result making tit false positive. This could have been avoided by wiping off the access water of the scale. Even though the potato pieces veered cut into cubes as best as humanly possible the potato pieces did end up being different sizes Although this seemed like a set back it wasnt because the change in the potato cores was measured by the difference in mass by measuring the potato before and after. Surface area wont affect osmosis, only if the item used was thicker could prevent more water from eating in, but otherwise surface area can only speed up or down osmosis. If modifications could be made to this experiment there are some things that were considered. For example the potato pieces could have been cut with more patience so that they were as equal to each Other as possible. Also the Whole experiment could be doubled by having twice as many potatoes to put in 2 test tubes of each solution. This would ensure that the results had fewer mistakes. Also there can be other variations of this experiment by having other start items that arent necessarily potatoes. These modifications can make a big difference in the study of osmosis. Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes Essay Example Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes Paper This makes sense because he definition of isotonic is: same concentration. The second out of three words is hypotonic. Cells in a hypotonic solution make the water moue into the cell to spread out the cells solutes to eventually reach an equilibrium. Hypotonic comes from the root word hypo, Which means low/below. The actual definition for hypotonic is: less concentrated. Hypersonic is the last out of the three words. A cell in a hypersonic solution makes the water leave the cell to try to spread out the solutes outside to eventually reach an equilibrium. Hypersonic comes from the root word hyper, which means more/high. The definition of hypersonic is: ore concentrated. A plant cell in two out of three of these conditions can be crucial to a plants health. In an isotonic solution, a plant cell has no net movement of water. A word for what occurs is flaccid, When solution is isotonic the vacuole is not full and that is really bad because a plant needs its nutrients and a dull vacuole makes it stand tall (tartar pressure). In a hypersonic solution, the vacuoles lose water; the cytoplasm shrinks and chloroplast are seen in the center of the cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis lab/ concentrations of solutions effect on potatoes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A word that describes this is polynomials, This is bad for a plant cell because the retraction of the cell membrane causes it to rupture,tear. In this experiment eve tested potatoes and put them through some solutions that have different concentrations to see what would happen. Would it shrink or would it swell? Those were the two main questions that were asked in this lab. Hypothesis: Based on prior knowledge I made an educated guess on the outcome of the results. For my hypothesis said that for the malarial level Of O and . 2 the potato core was going to swell, making the condition the cores were in hypotonic. When the malarial turned into . 41 said that the core would stay the same and therefore be isotonic When the core was placed in the _6, _8, and I malarial solutions I Hough that the cores were going to shrivel making the conditions hypersonic. The reasoning behind these assumptions is based on the definition of malarial. Malarial is the measure how concentrated something is. The reasoning why think its Starts to swell at first but then shrink is because the less concentrated a solution is causes it to have more water to be available in its surroundings. So the more concentrated the solution is Will cause there to be less water in their surrounding so there wont be as much to take in so it will shrink. At . 4 malarial thought the surroundings would be isotonic just because it was just about in the diddle and there wasnt too much or too little concentration. Methods: Once the right materials were gathered for the experiment process the set-up process was initiated. First the 5 test tubes were labeled with their corresponding concentrations of solution. The concentrations consisted of mm, . Mm, Am, -mm, mm, and mm. The 6 cut up pieces tot potato were weighed separately on a scale to collect their mass, The potato pieces were all placed into the test tube they were assigned after collecting the data so there would be no mix-ups. A pipette pump is used to carefully squirt the concentrated solutions into their designated test bubs. The solution was squirted until it covered the potato completely. This was repeated with every solution into their own-labeled flasks. After that process was finished a piece of paraffin was placed on each of the test tubes and securely fasteners The dependent variable in the experiment was the percent change in mass and the independent variable was the solution. This is a quantitative experiment because it was measuring the percent change in the mass Of the potatoes. Results: Data: The chart below shows the % change in mass after being in their concentrated solutions: Next Page (didnt fit) Concentration Initial leg. Ago. Go Final Mass (g)4. leg. Egg. Egg. Egg. Ago. G % Change in Analysis: The Graphs below show the percent changes in mass for both the class averages and our groups averages: Conclusion: In conclusion when the malarial level was at O and at . 2 the potatoes had gained mass so therefore they were placed in a hypotonic environments. When the malarial level was . 4 and above the potatoes loss mass so therefore they were placed in hypersonic environments. So the different in concentrations does change the mass of the potatoes because they determine the osmosis environments. Discussion: The hypothesis for this experiment was that at mm and at . The potato core was going to swell making the surroundings it was in hypotonic. For Am was stated that the potato core would stay the same, making the surroundings it was in isotonic. For that last three solutions, . mm, mm, and mm, it was thought that they would shrink, so that would mean that that the environment that they were placed in was hypersonic. Although these results made sense only the real results can give the right answer. After collecting the data it was revealed that the assumptions made for the mm and Mm solutions were correct. The data had showed that to mm solution had a 14. Change in mass and the mm solution had a I change in mass These percentages showed that the potatoes had gained mass. For the . Mm solution, the hypothesis made was incorrect. The data showed that there was a -12. 1% change in mass. This proved that in t his solution the potato core had lost mass and avgas assumed that the mass would stay the same. Gore the -mm, mm, and Im solutions the hypothesis was proven correct. The results showed that for the . mm solution there was a -28. 6% change in mass, for the -mm solution there was a -33. 3% change in mass, and for the Im solution there was a -36. 9% change in mass. This all proved that the potatoes had lost mass in these solutions. Some areas of error were mostly during the process of weighing the potatoes and putting the right solution into their designated test tubes, For example there was some point in which it was uncertain if one of the solutions was already put into a test tube or not, If the solution was put into two different test tubes that could have lead to a false positive or false negative result depending on what the malarial level of the solution was, Also in the weighing process of the final mass the potatoes were taken out tot the test tubes were they were soaked in the elution. The access solution left on the potato can be transferred to the scale and give the mass a more positive result making tit false positive. This could have been avoided by wiping off the access water of the scale. Even though the potato pieces veered cut into cubes as best as humanly possible the potato pieces did end up being different sizes Although this seemed like a set back it wasnt because the change in the potato cores was measured by the difference in mass by measuring the potato before and after. Surface area wont affect osmosis, only if the item used was thicker could prevent more water from eating in, but otherwise surface area can only speed up or down osmosis. If modifications could be made to this experiment there are some things that were considered. For example the potato pieces could have been cut with more patience so that they were as equal to each Other as possible. Also the Whole experiment could be doubled by having twice as many potatoes to put in 2 test tubes of each solution. This would ensure that the results had fewer mistakes. Also there can be other variations of this experiment by having other start items that arent necessarily potatoes. These modifications can make a big difference in the study of osmosis.

Robert Bunsen essays

Robert Bunsen essays Robert Wilhelm Bunsens name was famous for a a few discoveries in the field of chemistry. For example... you might recognize Bunsen from the lab device, the Bunsen Burner. He also helped invent the spectroscope and discovered spectrum analysis. And at the beginning of his career, he discovered that iron oxide is an antidote for arsenic. Robert Bunsen was born on March 31st, 1811 in Gottingen, Germany. He was educated at the University of Gottingen, and between 1836 and 1852, he taught at the Polytechnic Institute in Kassel and the universities of Marburg + Breslau. He was considered as one of the greatest chemists in the world all because of his discoveries and inventions. Though Bunsens name may make you think about the Bunsen Burner (by popular belief), it turns out that he had little to do with the invention. Although he popularized the device, the credit for the design goes to the British chemist/physicist, Michael Faraday. Bunsen improved the burner's design to aid in spectroscopy. The bunsen burner was a heating device thats used in labs because it proveides a hot, steady and smokeless flame. It was named after Robert Bunsen because he was the one who adapted the concept of the gas-air burner in 1855. The burner is a short and vertical tube of metal connected to a gas source and theres a hole at the bottom to admit the air. The flow of the air is controlled by an adjustable collar on the tube. Within five years of the development of the burner, Bunsen and was deeply involved with spectroscopy, inventing another instrument: the Bunsen-Kirchhoff spectroscope. This instrument of chemical analysis can trace its ancestry to components like a "prism, a cigar box, and two ends of otherwise unusable old telescopes. From the beginnings came the instrument which proved to be of importance in chemical analysis and the discovery of new elements. ...

Virgie Ammons Patents a Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool

Virgie Ammons Patents a Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool Virgie Ammons was an inventor and woman of color who invented a device for dampening fireplaces. She received a patent for a fireplace damper actuating tool on September 30, 1975. Little is known about the life of Virgie Ammons. One source says she was born on Dec. 29, 1908 in Gaithersburg, Maryland and died on July 12, 2000. She lived in West Virginia for most of her life.  Ammons filed her patent on August 6, 1974, at which time she was living in Eglon, West Virginia. There is no information to be found about her education, training or profession. One unverified source says she was a self-employed caretaker and a practicing Muslim who attended services in Temple Hills. Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool - Patent US 3,908,633 A fireplace damper actuating tool is a tool that is used to open and close the damper on a fireplace. It keeps the damper from opening or fluttering in the wind.   If you have a fireplace or stove, you may be familiar with the sound of a fluttering damper. A damper is an adjustable plate that fits in the flue of a stove or the chimney of a fireplace. It helps control the draft into the stove or fireplace. Dampers could be a plate that slides across the air opening, or it could be fixed in place in the pipe or flue and turned so the angle allows more or less air flow. In the days when cooking was done on a stove that was powered by burning wood or coal, adjusting the flue was a way of controlling the temperature. Virgie Ammons may be have been familiar with these stoves, given her date of birth. She may also have lived in an area where electric or gas stoves were not common until later in her life. We have no details as to what her inspiration was for the fireplace damper actuating tool. With a fireplace, opening the damper allows more air to be drawn into the fireplace from the room and convey the heat up the chimney. More air flow can often result in more flames, but also in losing more heat rather than warming the room. Keeping the Damper Closed The patent abstract  says Ammons damper actuating tool addressed the problem of fireplace dampers that flutter and make noise when gusty winds affected the chimney Some dampers do not remain fully shut because they have to be light enough in weight so the operating lever can open them easily. This makes small differences in air pressure between the room and the upper chimney draw them open. She was concerned that even a slightly open damper could cause a significant loss of heat in winter, and could even result in loss of coolness in summer. Both would be a waste of energy. Her actuating tool allowed the damper to be closed and held closed. She noted that when not in use, the tool could be stored next to the fireplace. No information was found as to whether her tool was manufactured and marketed.

International oil and gas law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International oil and gas law - Essay Example This will start by explaining the types of agreement that the government can enter into when the current term with an oil development company called Noble Oil expires and the reasons why such type of agreement could be suitable. Also, following oil discovery in Amazia, the paper will discuss how the Urbania should go about oil development in that region as well as give an advice on which company the government should work with. Finally, the paper will discuss the various types and sources of finance that are available for Urbania, considering that the country does not have adequate resources to fund oil development projects. A. What type of agreement should Urbania enter into for continued development of, and production from, the Western Plateau region, when the current concession expires? Be sure to give reasons for your recommendation. There are several fundamental agreements that can be made between the government of Urbania and Nobel Oil Company including the Joint Venture Agreem ent, concession, service contract and production sharing agreement.1 The government can decide to continue with the current concession agreement if it wants to guarantee the ownership of the oil resources of the company that will be granted the license. Technically, this ownership is enjoyed in exchange for royalty, which is usually estimated at a fixed rate on the quantity of oil produced. In some situations, the company can also enjoy tax exceptions and reduced custom duties in exchange for the extraction rights. This agreement will present Nobel Oil with a long duration of agreement with the government of Urbania, and it will be difficult for the government to include a ‘lock in’ clause such that it will be hard for any party to pull out for whichever reason. Nevertheless, this type of agreement comes with some disadvantages. For instance, a concession is a long-term agreement, which is usually faced with problems related to adjustment of financial commitments as a r esult of unexpected circumstances. 2 It will also be a disadvantage on the side of the licensed company because it will be required to pay higher amount of pre-oil discovery fee, and following the discovery of oil, the company is likely to pay very high amounts of royalties as well as income tax. The current rate of royalty is 16%, which will somewhat generate a substantial amount of revenue and hence a good reason for the government to retain concession when the current one expires. The concession contains relinquishment clauses, which could compel the Oil Company to either to discover commercial reserves; or following the discovery of commercial reserves within a certain period of time, relinquish usable portions of the concession back to Urbania government. The concession has an express work obligation of a limited period of time within which the Oil Company is expected to commence oil exploration and on discovery of commercial reserves, the company would be expected to develop o il in accordance with good oilfield practice. This means that the government will have some powers to control the activities of the oil company in a manner that ensures the company is following oil industry practices. The joint venture agreement is another option that Urbania government can put into considerations after the current